The Russel County Middle School Situation Analysis

Introduction Part of the Russell County Middle School (RCMS) mission statement declares that we as an organization will help students accomplish what they are capable of. Procedures are in place to assist special education students and cater to gifted students, but some students seem to fall through the cracks. About five percent of the student population is retained each year and about one percent fail to capitalize on the opportunity to be promoted mid-year the following school year. A review of these students’ average data showed that absenteeism and discipline were issues, but that the students performed on or close to grade level on standardized tests. A group was formed to determine root causes and develop a plan of action to reduce the number of students that are retained each year and help those that have been retained to get back on track. A consensus was reached that a lack of motivation was the underlying cause for students’ poor classroom performance and resulting retention. After brainstorming and evaluating options, the group decided to implement a mentoring program in which faculty and staff members that did not teach the retained students would meet with them periodically to build relationships and encourage them. Challenges At the conclusion of the 2012-2013 school year, 28 students were retained that returned to RCMS the following year. This group of students averaged over twenty-three absences from school, 4.5 days in in-school suspension, 4.9 daysShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structureRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pages 4. Complex Brand Strategies And Relationships There was a time, not too long ago, when a brand was a clear, singular entity. Colgate, for example, was a brand name that simply needed to be defined, established, and nurtured. Today, the situation is far different. There are subbrands, brand extensions, ingredient brands, endorser brands, and corporate brands. The Coke logo can be found on a dozen products, including Diet Cherry Coke, Caffeine Free Diet Coke, and Coke Classic - and it doesn

The National Organ Transplant Act Of 1984 - 884 Words

Every day some dies after waiting years on a transplant list. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 says that in the United States, the sale of organs is illegal. Some believe this act may be preventing thousands of people from getting the organs that will save their lives. The truth is every day someone dies and their organs could be used to help others and everyday a life of one and the livelihood of another could be saved. The reasons for allowing the sale of organs is very simple to understand. It can help others financially, save money on medical expenses and most importantly, save lives. Critiques believe this would be a mistake causing spur of the moment decisions, and illegal obtain these organs for sale. With the use of regulation, these doubts can be laid to rest. Before the problem can be solved, the problem has to be identified. The Facts. â€Å"Of the more than 101,000 people in the United States who need a kidney, fewer than 17,000 will receive a transplant this year.† Every day people die from not receiving the transplants they need and every day more people are added to the transplant list. â€Å"Tragically, more than 7,000 of the people waiting for a kidney either died or were dropped from the list because they had become too sick to qualify for a transplant.† The majority of the donors in the United States are deceased at the time that their organs are harvested. Society is just not donating their organs, even when we can live a perfectly healthy and happyShow MoreRelatedThe National Organ Transplant Act Of 1984753 Words   |  4 Pagesunder the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984, there is a larger demand for organs than there is available supply. As a result, people in need of kidney or liver transplants die every year while waiting. 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Management and Business Context for Motors - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Business Context for Motors. Answer: Introduction: Company Profile: General Motors is the company that deals and operates in automobile industry. It is the company that has its headquarters situated at Detroit, Michigan. The company has been established in 1908. It performs various functions such as designing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing the vehicles and the related products. The company operates in 35 countries with the operations of manufacturing the cars and trucks (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). The company is also called as GM and its cars and trucks are sold all over the world. Some of the brands that are associated with the company are Chevrolet, Holden, GMC, Wuling etc. SWOT Analysis: Strength: Huge market share: The major strength of the company is its hug market share. The share value of the company is consistently increasing in the market of China and various other countries thus suggest that the company has its acceptance in the international market as well. International knowledge: being a worldwide company, the company is operating its functions very well in international market and thus proves that the company has great international knowledge (Malhotra, 2008). Wide range of brands: As discussed that the company has range of brads that are associated with the same. These brands serve the large market segment and act as the strength for the company. Weakness: Outdated technology: Even though the company is operating and functioning in the industry since years but still not able to compete with new trends because it has not updated the technology they are using to manufacture the products. Only focus on US market: The Company is operating worldwide but the main focus of the company always remains at the US market (Pinto, 2007). In order to compete with the competitors, the need of hour for the firm is to come up with the strategies that can helps in increasing the sales in international countries along with US. Low quality: This is also the major weakness of the firm. The company is very well-known but still serves the market with low quality products as compared to competitors. Opportunities: Technological improvement: It is the very essential need of the firm to substitute its technology in order to manufacture the products. The company should substitute the energy use by making the hybrid vehicles that have more fuel efficiency. More focus on global market: The Company also has the opportunity to shift their focus towards global market as thecae already established their businesses there. They have t maintain the same too. Threats: Rising competition: The automotive industry is very much competitive in nature thus develops the threat for the company (Turban, Sharda, Aronson King, 2008). Increased fuel prices: The Company is manufacturing trucks and cars that have less fuel efficiency and thus rise in fuel prices is the threat for the company. Competitor Analysis: The competitors of General Motors are highly competitive in nature. the major competitors includes Toyota, Ford, Nissan, Honda etc. the competition is not high in the parent country but all these companies have their businesses all over the world and thus gives tough competition to General Motors in every area. With the rise of these companies, the intensity of the competition has increased in the industry (Lee-Ross Lashley, 2010). The competition is not just with the products but also with the prices. The competition in prices results in declining prices of the vehicle which decreases the profit margin of the companies as well. Another reason that can be majorly considered is the homogeneity in the products. There is not much differentiation in the products in this industry mad thus the companies have to deliver somewhat similar products to the market which becomes challenging for them in tis competitive environment. What is Globalization? Globalization is the process that helps in expansion of business to the international country. It helps the companies to cross the boundaries and explore the new market. In the process globalization the transfer of knowledge, technology, processes, designs etc. takes place. The companies have to make many efforts in order to go global. They have to analyze the overall market of the host country in order to establish their business in that country. Globalization provides a win-win situation for both the company and the international country in which it will establish its business (Weske, 2012). This is because the country earns the foreign revenue from the company and the company can get access over the larger and the new market so as to hence the business. GM motors is the company that has took full advantage of this strategy and opened its businesses almost all over the world. Advantages of Globalization: The first advantage of globalization is that it provides a great platform for the companies who want to expand. It integrates the world and thus brings unity. This is because more than one country nationals are involved in the business so the country may for healthy relations with each other (Fairclough, 2009). Workforce diversity is another big reason for the popularity of globalization in business. As the companies operate in different countries so they have to give the people from the local country as well. This brings the diversity in the workforce and the people with different culture and beliefs world together in the same organization for the common goals (Laanti, Gabrielsson Gabrielsson, 2007). Another advantage of globalization is that if the company established its business in the foreign country then it brings opportunities for the people of that country to get employment. Disadvantages of Globalization: The first negative impact of globalization is on the local market of the countries. As more and more multinational companies spread their businesses and functioning in different countries, the local market of those countries face the threat from such MNCs Globalization is the process that results in over use of the resources of the host country as well as the parent country. This increases the transportation and thus the use of fuel resources. Business Issues in Globalization: It is very moral for the business to face one or the other issues because go globalization. Some of them are discussed below: Issue in maintaining consistency: The major issues that has been faced by most of the companies along with GM is that it take so much of efforts for the companies to maintain the consistency in the design, functions and processes that requires to manufacture the products. This is because, it is not necessary that every resource is available abundantly in every county where the company operates (Audet, Dennis Le Digabel, 2010). Increasing cost: Globalization of the businesses results in increase of cost for the functions that are being conducted. This is because some of the extra functions are required to be conducted when the company operates in two or more countries. Communication and cultural barriers: When a company operates in different countries, it needs to communicate with the people in the subsidiaries. Thus, it becomes difficult for them to communicate as the culture and luggage used in different countries is different from each other. Globalization of Market: Globalization of market can be defined as the process that helps the companies to integrate the whole world market into one single entity (Varghese, 2009). The company who ways to globalizer their market sell the products with consistency all over the world considering that the whole world in the single market. Globalization of Product: Globalization of products is the very different concept from globalization of market. In this concept, the products of the company are modified in such a way that it can used by the people or market of different countries. For examples, of a company has made software which needs to be sold in different countries having different languages. Thus, the software will be modified in a way so that it can be accessed in those languages. GM Strategies for Global Market Penetration: International trade brings high level of risks for the company. There are many aspects of foreign trade such as outsourcing; licensing, exporting, seeking suppliers, franchising etc. affect the business greatly (Laanti, Gabrielsson Gabrielsson, 2007). In case of General Motors, the strategies used for trading internationally is the constant improvement and the expansion of cost products. The company always tries to bring innovation in the auto parts. There are many examples that suggest that the company uses the strategy of innovation in terms of attracting the global market. The introduction of 4G LTE high speed mobile broadband to enhance the vehicle to vehicle connectivity in Cadillac CTS 2017 is one of the strategies. The company is also planning to release the new design of the vehicle that is called super cruise. In china, the company is continuously using the strategy of joint venture to enter the market. The new and innovative project of Chevrolet will also be releasing by t he company in China, India, Mexico and Brazil by 2019 (Chesbrough, 2007). GM Strategies of Meeting Local Needs: The business of General Motors is very m much diversified in nature. The company meets the local ends of the customers by implementing global network of dealers. It has been analyzed that the company forms the network that allow the firm to distribute the products in all the operating areas (Inkpen, 2008). This helps the firm to transport their products easily and it also helps in communicating with the local customers at every area. The independent dealer of the firm in every county helps the firm to know about the local needs of the people there. Internal Issue of Globalization in GM: Production issues: GM is the firm that manufactures the automotive products like trucks and cars. The company has to serve the market with consistent designs of the products but has to modify the products specification according to the logical needs of the people that differs according to the beliefs and choose of the people as well as the environmental factors of the country. Marketing issues: the company faces some of the issues in marketing as well. The issues are related to the strategy that needs to be adopted in order to market the products in different countries (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan Salwan, 2009). External issues of globalization faced by GM: external issues of globalization are related to the political and legal aspects of the county where the business will going to be established, the company needs to have access of al the legal framework of that country and also needs to maintain that consistency in the process at the same time. Recommendations and Conclusions: After the analyzing the whole scenario, it has been identified that globalization greatly affect the conies like General Motors as it is the firm that operates in many countries. There are many issues such as communication issues, maintain the consistency issues, cultural issues etc. force as the conies to take intelligent decisions over the same (Wilkins Hill, 2011). It has been recommended that the company should focus on some of the things in order to make full profit of the opportunities that the globalization presents for the company the main strategy or step that needs to be adapted by the company is to make their focus on global market. The merging market like China and India provides immense opportunities for the company to avail but the company has to take initiatives in the direction especially in terms of marketing (Fogel, Morck Yeung, 2008). Anointer strategy hat needs to be implemented by the common is up gradation in the technology. The company is still using the same old technology to conduct its proceeds and to design its products. The incurred in fuel efficiency of the vehicles is the need of hour for the firm. This can be done by introducing new and loaded technology so that the firm can compete with the new competitors that are technologically very active in the market. References: Audet, C., Dennis, J. E., Le Digabel, S. (2010). Globalization strategies for mesh adaptive direct search.Computational Optimization and Applications,46(2), 193-215. Chesbrough, H. W. (2007). Why companies should have open business models.MIT Sloan management review,48(2), 22. Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., Sullivan, D. P., Salwan, P. (2009).International business. Pearson Education India. Fairclough, N. (2009). Language and globalization.Semiotica,2009(173), 317-342. Fogel, K., Morck, R., Yeung, B. (2008). Big business stability and economic growth: Is what's good for General Motors good for America?.Journal of Financial Economics,89(1), 83-108. Inkpen, A. C. (2008). Knowledge transfer and international joint ventures: the case of NUMMI and General Motors.Strategic Management Journal,29(4), 447-453. Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Laanti, R., Gabrielsson, M., Gabrielsson, P. (2007). The globalization strategies of business-to-business born global firms in the wireless technology industry.Industrial Marketing Management,36(8), 1104-1117. Laanti, R., Gabrielsson, M., Gabrielsson, P. (2007). The globalization strategies of business-to-business born global firms in the wireless technology industry.Industrial Marketing Management,36(8), 1104-1117. Lee-Ross, D., Lashley, C. (2010).Entrepreneurship and small business management in the hospitality industry. Routledge. Malhotra, N. K. (2008).Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India Pinto, J. K. (2007).Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Turban, E., Sharda, R., Aronson, J. E., King, D. (2008).Business intelligence: A managerial approach. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Varghese, N. V. (2009). Globalization, economic crisis and national strategies for higher education development.International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) Research Paper, UNESCO. Paris: IIEP. Weske, M. (2012). Business process management architectures. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wilkins, M., Hill, F. E. (2011).American business abroad: Ford on six continents. Cambridge University Press.

Sullivan Ford Auto World free essay sample

Marketing cars differ from marketing services for those same vehicles. Marketing cars you are selling a tangible product, where the potential customer can do research online and go into a dealership and test drive it. Once the customer has decided which vehicle to purchase, the best price is most important and liking the sales person is only an added benefit. Compared to marketing the services for that same vehicle, it is more important to feel that a customer likes the person or company so that he/she can build a relationship of trust and confidence which leads to a satisfied customer as well as repeated business. Repeat business might be in the form of an oil change, or most costly work that is in or out of warranty. From a consumer perspective, running a car sales and service dealership and managing health care services have many similarities when seeking to attract new customers and keep existing ones happy. We will write a custom essay sample on Sullivan Ford Auto World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Drawing on Carols experience, handling customer complaints in healthcare or any other industry will provide an opportunity for learning and understanding where improvements may be needed. For patiences to stay in the same long-term care facility would require them receiving proper care and an environment of trust, comfort and satisfaction. This is similar to running a car sales and service dealership, because of the building trust and relationship that would motivate customers to come back for regular maintenance, major repairs as well as repeat purchases. Marketing cars differ from marketing services for those same vehicles. Marketing cars you are selling a tangible product, where the potential customer can do research online and go into a dealership and test drive it. Once the customer has decided which vehicle to purchase, the best price is most important and liking the sales person is only an added benefit. Compared to marketing the services for that same vehicle, it is more important to feel that a customer likes the person or company so that he/she can build a relationship of trust and confidence which leads to a satisfied customer as well as repeated business. Repeat business might be in the form of an oil change, or most costly work that is in or out of warranty. From a consumer perspective, running a car sales and service dealership and managing health care services have many similarities when seeking to attract new customers and keep existing ones happy. Drawing on Carols experience, handling customer complaints in healthcare or any other industry will provide an opportunity for learning and understanding where improvements may be needed. For patiences to stay in the same long-term care facility would require them receiving proper care and an environment of trust, comfort and satisfaction. This is similar to running a car sales and service dealership, because of the building trust and relationship that would motivate customers to come back for regular maintenance, major repairs as well as repeat purchases. 1. Marketing cars differ from marketing services for those same vehicles. Marketing cars you are selling a tangible product, where the potential customer can do research online and go into a dealership and test drive it. Once the customer has decided which vehicle to purchase, the best price is most important and liking the sales person is only an added benefit. Compared to marketing the services for that same vehicle, it is more important to feel that a customer likes the person or company so that he/she can build a relationship of trust and confidence which leads to a satisfied customer as well as repeated business. Repeat business might be in the form of an oil change, or most costly work that is in or out of warranty. 3. From a consumer perspective, running a car sales and service dealership and managing health care services have many similarities when seeking to attract new customers and keep existing ones happy. Drawing on Carols experience, handling customer complaints in healthcare or any other industry will provide an opportunity for learning and understanding where improvements may be needed. For patiences to stay in the same long-term care facility would require them receiving proper care and an environment of trust, comfort and satisfaction. This is similar to running a car sales and service dealership, because of the building trust and relationship that would motivate customers to come back for regular maintenance, major repairs as well as repeat purchases.

Multiplexing and Data Rate Essays

Multiplexing and Data Rate Essays Multiplexing and Data Rate Essay Multiplexing and Data Rate Essay Multiplexing CHAPTER 4 Outline * Frequency Division Multiplexing(FDM) * Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing * Statistical Time Division Multiplexing * Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL) Multiplexing * Set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single link * allows several transmission sources to share a larger transmission capacity Link = physical path Channel = portion of a link that carries a transmission between a given pairs of lines 2 CATEGORY OF MULTIPLEXING WDM FDM TDM ADSL Frequency Division Multiplexing * FDM – numerous signals are combined for ransmission on a single communications line or channel. Each signal is assigned a different frequency (subchannel) within the main channel. * Useful bandwidth of medium exceeds required bandwidth of channel * e. g. broadcast radio and cable television * Channel allocated even if no data Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram * Each signal is modulat ed to a different carrier frequency * Carrier frequencies separated by guard bands (unused bandwidth) – to prevent interference so signals do not overlap. 3 FDM System FDM is an analog multiplexing technique that combines signals. FDM process FDM Demultiplexing Example 1 Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 4 KHz. We need to combine three voice channels into a link with a bandwidth of 12 KHz, from 20 to 32 KHz. Show the configuration using the frequency domain without the use of guard bands. Solution Shift (modulate) each of the three voice channels to a different bandwidth, as shown in next figure Example 2 Five channels, each with a 100-KHz bandwidth, are to be multiplexed together. What is the minimum bandwidth of the link if there is a need for a guard band of 10 KHz between the channels to prevent interference? Solution For five channels, we need at least four guard bands. This means that the required bandwidth is at least 5 x 100 + 4 x 10 = 540 KHz, as shown in next Figure. Example 3 Four data channels (digital), each transmitting at 1 Mbps, use a satellite channel of 1 MHz. Design an appropriate configuration using FDM Solution The satellite channel is analog. We divide it into four channels, each channel having a 250-KHz bandwidth. Each digital channel of 1 Mbps is modulated such that each 4 bits are modulated to 1 Hz. One solution is 16- QAM modulation. Figure 6. 8 shows one possible configuration. Analog Carrier Systems ATT (USA) * Hierarchy of FDM schemes * Group 1. 12 voice channels (4kHz each) = 48kHz 2. Range 60kHz to 108kHz * Supergroup 1. 60 channel 2. FDM of 5 group signals on carriers between 420kHz and 612 kHz * Mastergroup 1. 10 supergroups Analog Hierarchy To maximize the efficiency infrastructure, multiplexed signals from lower bandwidth lines onto higher-bandwidth signals FDM of Th ree Voiceband Signals FDM Applications 1. Common used radio broadcasting AM and FM * AM (530 – 1700KHz) – shared with all radio stations * FM uses a wider band (88 – 108MHz) – each station needs more bandwidth, 200KHz 2. Television Broadcasting * Each TV channel has own bandwidth of 6 Mhz 3. 1st Generation of Cellular telephones * Voice signal 3KHz (300 – 3300Hz) channels * Bt = 10 x Bm , therefore each channel has 30KHz channels * each user has been allocated two 30KHz channel, therefore 60KHz. Example 4 The Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) uses two bands. The first band, 824 to 849 MHz, is used for sending; and 869 to 894 MHz is used for receiving. Each user has a bandwidth of 30 KHz in each direction. The 3 5 Four 1-Kbps connections are multiplexed together. A unit is 1 bit. Find : (1) the duration of 1 bit before multiplexing, (2) the transmission rate of the link, (3) the duration of a time slot, and (4) the duration of a frame? Solution We can answer the questions as follows: 1. The duration of 1 bit is 1/1 Kbps, or 0. 001 s (1 ms). 2. The rate of the link is 4 Kbps. 3. The duration of each time slot 1/4 ms or 250 ms. 4. The duration of a frame 1 ms. Interleaving switches are synchronized and rotate at the same speed but opposite direction process of sending a unit data onto the path when the connection on the multiplexing and de 6 Four channels are multiplexed using TDM. If each channel sends 100 bytes/s and we multiplex 1 byte per channel, show the frame traveling on the link, the size of the frame, the duration of a frame, the frame rate, and the bit rate for the link. Solution The multiplexer is shown in Figure 6 Example 7 A multiplexer combines four 100 8 We have four sources, each creating 250 characters per second. If the interleaved unit is a character and 1 synchronizing bit is added to each frame, find (1) the data rate of each source, (2) the duration of each character in each source, (3) the frame rate, (4) the duration of each frame, (5) the number of bits in each frame, and (6) the data rate of the link. Solution Answer as follows: 1. The data rate of each source is 250 x 8 = 2000 bps = 2 Kbps. 2. The duration of a character is 1/250 s = 4 ms. 3. The link needs to send 250 frames per second. 4. The duration of each frame is 1/250 = 4 ms. 5. Each frame is 4 x 8 + 1 = 33 bits. 6. The data rate of the link is 250 x 33 = 8250 bps. Example 9 Two channels, one with a bit rate of 100 Kbps and another with a bit rate of 200 Kbps, are to be multiplexed. How this can be achieved? What is the frame rate? What is the frame duration? What is the bit rate of the link? Solution We can allocate one slot to the first channel and two slots to the second channel. Each frame carries 3 bits. The frame rate is 100,000 frames per second because it carries 1 bit from the first channel. The frame duration is 1/100,000 = 10 ms. The bit rate is 100,000 frames/s x 3 bits/frame = 300 Kbps. Pulse Stuffing * Problem Synchronizing various data sources * Each source has separate clock, variation among clock cause loss synchronization * Data rates from different sources not related by simple rational number * Solution Pulse Stuffing as effective remedy * Outgoing data rate (excluding framing bits) higher than sum of incoming rates * Stuff extra dummy bits or pulses into each ncoming signal until it matches local clock * Stuffed pulses inserted at fixed locations in frame and removed at demultiplexer TDM of Analog and Digital Sources Digital Carrier Systems * Long distance carrier system * Designed to transmit voice signal over high capacity transmission lonks usuch as optical fiber, coax and microwave * ATT developed hierarchy of TDM structures of various capacities * USA/Canada/Japan use one system * ITU-T use a similar (but different) system * US system based on DS-1 format which Multiplexes 24 channels * Each frame has 8 bits per channel plus one raming bit, 24 x 8 +1 =193 bits per frame Digital Carrier Systems (2) * For voice each channel contains one word of digitized data (using PCM at 8000 samples per sec) * Data rate 8000193 = 1. 544Mbps * Five out of six frames have 8 bit PCM samples * Sixth frame is 7 bit PCM word plus signaling bit * Signaling bits form stream for each channel containing control and routing info * Same format for digital data * 23 channels of data * 7 bits per frame plus indicator bit for data or systems control * 24th channel is sync DS Hierarchy TDM Carrier Standard North American and International TDM Carrier Standards Statistical TDM * In Synchronous TDM many slots are wasted * Statistical TDM allocates time slots dynamically based on demand * Multiplexer scans input lines and collects data until frame full * Data rate on line lower than aggregate rates of input lines * Improve efficiency is to allow multiple data resources to be packed in one single frame Statistical TDM Frame Formats Performance * Output data rate less than aggregate input data rates cause by average amount of input capacity of multiplexed line * Difficulty: May cause problems during peak periods when the input exceed capacity * Solution Buffer inputs to hold temporary excess input * Keep buffer size to minimum to reduce delay Cable Modem Outline * To support data transfer to and from a cable modem, two channels from cable TV provider dedicated to data transfer * One in each direction * Each channel shared by number of subscribers * Scheme needed to allocate capacity * Statistical TDM Cable Modem Operation Downstream * Cable sc heduler delivers data in small packets * If more than one subscriber active, each gets fraction of downstream capacity May get 500kbps to 1. 5Mbps * Also used to allocate upstream time slots to subscribers Upstream * User requests timeslots on shared upstream channel Dedicated slots for this * Headend scheduler sends back assignment of future time slots to subscriber Cable Modem Scheme Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line ADSL Link between subscriber and network * Local loop Uses currently installed twisted pair cable * Can carry broader spectrum * 1 MHz or more ADSL Design Asymmetric -Greater capacity downstream than upstream -Expected for video on demand and related services – high speed access -Users require higher capacity for downstream than upstream Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) element of ADSL strategy Reserve lowest 25kHz for voice – Plain old telephone service (POTS) – Voice carried only 0 – 4KHz band – Additional bandwidth for prevent crosstalk between voice and data channel Use echo cancellation or FDM to give two bands – smaller upstream band and larger downstream band Use FDM within upstream and downstream bands  œ Single bit stream multiple parallel bit streams – each portion carried separate frequency band Range up to 5. 5km -Depending of diameter cables and quality ADSL Channel Configuration Discrete Multitone * DMT * Use multiple carrier signals at different requencies * Sending some bits on each channel * Available transmission band =4kHz subchannels * Send test signal and use subchannels with better signal to noise ratio * ASL/DMT design employ 256 downstream subchannels at 4kHz (60kbps) * Possible to transmit at rate15. 36MHz * Impairments bring this down to 1. 5Mbps to 9Mbps DTM Bits Per Channel Allocation Each channel can carry data rate from 0-60 Kbps Shows increasing attenuation and decreasing signalto- noise ratio at higher frequencies DMT Transmitter xDSL * High data rate DSL * Single line DSL * Very high data rate DSL

Minmi - Facts and Figures

Minmi - Facts and Figures Name: Minmi (after Minmi Crossing in Australia); pronounced MIN-mee Habitat: Woodlands of Australia Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 500-1,000 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Unusually small brain; primitive armor on back and belly About Minmi Minmi was an unusually small, and unusually primitive, ankylosaur (armored dinosaur) from middle Cretaceous Australia. This plant-eaters armor was rudimentary compared to that of later, more famous genera like Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus, consisting of horizontal bony plates running along the sides of its backbone, a noticeable thickening on its belly, and spiky protrusions at the end of its long tail. Minmi also had an unusually small, narrow head, which has led some paleontologists to speculate that its encephalization quotient (the comparative size of its brain to the rest of its body) was lower than that of other dinosaurs of its timeand considering how stupid the average ankylosaur was, thats not much of a compliment. (Needless to say, the dinosaur Minmi shouldnt be confused with the Japanese-born, Caribbean-style singer Minmi, or even Mini-Me from the Austin Powers movies, who are both presumably much more intelligent!) Until recently, Minmi was the only known ankylosaur from Australia. That all changed at the end of 2015, when a team from the University of Queensland re-examined a supposed second Minmi fossil specimen (discovered in 1989) and determined that it actually belonged to an entirely new ankylosaur genus, which they dubbed Kunbarrasaurus, Aboriginal and Greek for shield lizard. Kunbarrasaurus appears to be one of the earliest known ankylosaurs, dating to the same middle Cretaceous time frame as Minmi, and given its relatively light coating of armor, it seems to have only recently evolved from the last common ancestor of both stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. Its closest relative was the western European Scelidosaurus, a clue to the different arrangement of the earths continents during the early Mesozoic Era.

Human Sexuality Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Sexuality - Personal Statement Example An in-depth understanding of these aspects of human sexuality drew me to become a part of this class so that I can gain better knowledge with regard to this subject and pass it on to others. On a scale of 1 (very comfortable) to 10 (a significant amount of reservation or nervousness), where would you rank your level of current comfort or discomfort regarding what to expect while studying human sexuality? Why did you select the rating that you did? With regard to my expectations of studying human sexuality, my level of comfort on this scale is 4. Despite of the fact that I am interested in studying about human sexuality, I have been discouraged by a few members of my family as well as my peers. They provided me with reasons that this class is not very fruitful and it does not provide good learning. These account for a few reasons why I am nervous regarding my expectations of the human sexuality class. It is owing to my own interest and research with regard to this subject that I am still more than willing to become a part of this class. I believe that studying this subject will provide me with good knowledge regarding all the aspects of human sexuality and it is for this reason that I am joining this